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Studie: Bessere Kühlung durch Aluminiumgehäuse
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Autoren: Die Redaktion
Veröffentlicht am 11.03.2022
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Über die Vorteile von Aluminium-Zellengehäusen für zylindrische Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
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Aluminium ist ein äußerst vielseitiger Werkstoff und bietet ein hervorragendes Eigenschaftsprofil, das entscheidend zur Herstellung moderner Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen (LIB) mit hohem Energiegehalt beitragen kann. Dazu zählen etwa seine hohe elektrische wie thermische Leitfähigkeit, geringes Gewicht sowie hohe Umformbarkeit, Festigkeit und effiziente Recyclierbarkeit. Während sich die Industrie diese vorteilhaften Eigenschaften für prismatische und Pouch-LIB-Zellgehäuse bereits zunutze macht und Aluminium als Standardmaterial verwendet, basiert die Mehrzahl der zylindrischen Zellkonzepte immer noch auf vernickeltem Stahl (NPS).
Bessere Kühlung durch Aluminium
Mit zunehmender Zellgröße wird ein effizientes Wärmemanagement der Batteriezellen jedoch immer wichtiger. Aluminium-Zellgehäuse können dabei eine technisch überlegene Lösung für zylindrische Zellen im Vergleich zu NPS darstellen. Eine Studie unseres Partners Speira GmbH stellt ein 4680-Zellkonzept mit einem Aluminiumgehäuse vor, das auf einer neuartigen Materiallösung für Batteriezellgehäuse namens Speira ION cell basiert. Das Zellkonzept wurde in verschiedenen 3C-Schnellladeszenarien mittels thermischer Simulation getestet, die eine deutlich verbesserte Kühlleistung im Vergleich zu einer Referenz-LIB-Zelle mit dem üblicherweise verwendeten NPS-Zellengehäuse aufzeigen.
Materialdesign geht über Leitfähigkeit hinaus
Die folgenden Eigenschaften sind für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung entscheidend und bilden die Grundlage von Speira ION cell:
- Festigkeit: Konkurrenzfähige volumetrische und gravimetrische Energiedichten erfordern hochfeste Materialien, um die Wandstärke so gering wie möglich zu halten und gleichzeitig höchste Sicherheitsstandards zu erfüllen.
- Chemische Elektrolytverträglichkeit: Um der Korrosion keine Chance zu geben, müssen die Zellgehäuse gegen chemische Reaktionen mit dem Elektrolyten beständig sein.
- Umformbarkeit: Hohe Grenzziehverhältnisse und kontrollierte Zipfelprofile sind der Schlüssel zu einem effizienten Napfziehen ohne übermäßige Werkzeugkosten oder Schrotterzeugung und zu einem zuverlässigen Umformvorgang.
- Schweißeignung: Die Herstellung von Zellen kann Ultraschall- und Laserschweißen beim Tabschweißen und bei der Verbindung von Zellen umfassen. Auch Deckelkonstruktionen und Zellversiegelungsvorgänge können Laserschweißen erfordern.
- Nachhaltigkeit: Die Batterie- und Automobilindustrie strebt minimale Treibhausgasemissionen und Abfallerzeugung an. Daher müssen die Gehäusematerialien für die Zellen auf einen hohen Recycling-Anteil und zuverlässige Kreislaufkonzepte ausgelegt sein. Speira ION cell für zylindrische Zellgehäuse ermöglicht einen Recycling-Anteil von bis zu 80 Prozent.
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Authors: The editorial staff
Published 11.03.2022
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Benefits of aluminium cell housings for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries
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Aluminium is a highly versatile material providing a multiplicity of great properties, such as high thermal conductivity, lightweight, high formability, strength and recyclability, that are crucial for manufacturing of modern, high-energy lithium ion battery (LIB) cells. While industry takes advantage of these beneficial properties and uses aluminium as the standard material for prismatic and pouch LIB cell housings, the majority of cylindrical cell concepts is still based on nickel-plated steel (NPS).
Better cooling due to aluminum
However, with increasing cell sizes, efficient thermal management of the battery cells becomes more important and aluminium cell housings can provide a technical superior solution for cylindrical cells compared to NPS. This study from our Partner Speira GmbH provides a 4680 cell concept featuring an aluminum cell housing based on a novel material solution for battery cell housings named Speira ION cell. The cell concept was challenged in different 3C fast-charging scenarios using thermal simulation. The simulations reveal significantly improved cooling performance compared to a reference LIB cell with commonly used NPS cell housing.
The material design for cylindrical LIB cell housing goes beyond conductivity
The following properties are vital for a successful application and are the basis of Speira ION cell:
- Strength: Competitive volumetric and gravimetric energy densities require high strength materials to keep the wall thickness as low as possible while maintaining highest safety standards.
- Chemical electrolyte compatibility: To give no chance to corrosion, cell housings must be resistant against chemical reactions with the electrolyte.
- Formability: High limiting drawing ratios and controlled earing are key to enable efficient cup drawing without excessive tooling costs or scrap generation and to a reliable forming operation.
- Weldability: Cell manufacturing can include ultrasonic and laser welding during tab welding and cell interconnection. Also lid designs and cell sealing operations may require laser welding.
- Sustainability: Battery and automotive industry target minimal greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. Hence, cell housing materials must be designed for high recycled content and reliable closed-loop concepts. Speira Ion cell for cylindrical cell housings enables up to 80 percent recycled content.
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Aluminiumstraße 1
41515 Grevenbroich
Phone: +49 2181 66-01
Email: info.gv@speira.com
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